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莎士比亚在22或23年间共写了37部戏剧，其中只有16部在他生前以4开本盗印版出版。原因是因当时作家将剧本卖给剧团，剧团为垄断便不发表，被盗印的剧本则是由演员口授，或在演出时被人速记下来，故而版本多有遗漏和错误。1623年，莎士比亚去世7年后，曾与他在国王供奉剧团（前身即宫内大臣剧团）共事的演员海明和康德尔收集莎士比亚遗作36部（其中有20部是首次付印），出版了第一个莎士比亚戏剧集，即后人所谓第一对开本，其中的剧目不是按创作年代，而是按喜剧、历史剧和悲剧3类编排的。从18世纪后期开始学者们研究了莎剧的创作年代、分类和分期问题，但说法不一。一般来说，莎士比亚的戏剧创作可分以下3个时期： 第一时期（1590～1600）以写作历史剧、喜剧为主，有9部历史剧、10部喜剧和2部悲剧。9部历史剧中除《约翰王》是写13世纪初英国历史外，其他8部是内容相衔接的两个4部曲：《亨利六世》上 、中、下篇与《理查三世》；《理查二世》、《亨利四世》上、下篇与《亨利五世》。这些历史剧概括了英国历史上百余年间的动乱，塑造了一系列正、反面君主形象，反映了莎士比亚反对封建割据，拥护中央集权，谴责暴君暴政，要求开明君主进行自上而下改革，建立和谐社会关系的人文主义政治与道德理想。10部喜剧《错误的喜剧》、《驯悍记》、《维洛那二绅士》、《爱的徒劳》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《 温莎的风流娘儿们》、《无事生非》、《皆大欢喜》和《第十二夜》大都以爱情、友谊、婚姻为主题，主人公多是一些具有人文主义智慧与美德的青年男女，通过他们争取自由、幸福的斗争，歌颂进步、美好的新人新风，同时也温和地揭露和嘲讽旧事物的衰朽和丑恶，如禁欲主义的虚矫、清教徒的伪善和高利贷者的贪鄙等。莎士比亚这一时期戏剧创作的基本情调是乐观、明朗的，充满着以人文主义理想解决社会矛盾的信心，以致写在这一时期的悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中，也洋溢着喜剧气氛。尽管主人公殉情而死，但爱的理想战胜死亡，换来了封建世仇的和解。然而，这一时期较后的成熟喜剧《威尼斯商人》中，又带有忧郁色彩和悲剧因素，在鼓吹仁爱、友谊和真诚爱情的同时，反映了基督教社会中弱肉强食的阶级压迫、种族歧视问题，说明作者已逐渐意识到理想与现实之间存在着难以解决的矛盾。 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