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软预算约束是匈牙利学者科尔奈首先提出的一个概念。经过30多年的发展，软预算约束理论已经成为现代经济学的前沿理论之一，它与企业资本结构、所有权边界、经济增长等经济学基本理论结合在一起，用于分析各种社会经济现象。软预算约束理论研究方向之一就是分析不同社会制度背景下的企业行为，因此，赵莹的《中国国有企业软预算约束问题研究》应用软预算约束理论对我国国有企业展开分析，期望通过对软预算约束问题的探讨，探寻硬化预算约束的治理方式，为我国国有企业改革方式方法的选择提供借鉴。本书主要内容如下： 第一，《中国国有企业软预算约束问题研究》对软预算约束理论的基本内容进行了分析，主要包括软预算约束概念，软预算约束的形成机制，软预算约束产生的影响，软预算约束理论的发展及应用情况，最后分析了软预算约束理论中对国有企业问题的研究。 第二，本书对国有企业软预算约束的形成机制进行了分析。首先，本书按照DM模型动态承诺不一致的分析思路，构建了国有企业软预算约束的基本模型；其次，一本书介绍了软预算约束的各种存在形式；最后，论述了导致国有企业软预算约束问题的各种原因。软预算约束反映了国家与国有企业之间的关系。社会主义国家政府的父爱主义使国家可以不求回报地为国有企业提供援助，而重工业优先发展战略的实施，使国有企业缺乏自生能力。在企业承担政策性负担导致政策性亏损的情况下，国家对企业亏损负有责任，救助不可避免。政府对国有企业的管制使政府官员在企业决策中拥有了很大的权利，而这种官员管理制度的存在，使企业的软预算约束成为可能。这三个方面都是从政府、政治家、政治利益角度探讨软预算约束的成因，除了这些政治上的原因之外，还可以从经济体系内部探讨软预算约束。此时，缺乏动态承诺一致性是造成软预算约束问题的重要原因。在这种分析思路中，强调“集中”这一特性是一种主要的分析观点，所以，本书探讨了不同的集中(或集权)方式在软预算约束问题上的作用，这其中即包括银行信贷体系上的集中，也包括国家财政上的集权性，还包括由生产集中导致的软预算约束。此外，内部人控制也会导致软预算约束，由于掌握企业控制权会给经理带来极大的个人利益，当企业遇到困难时经理有激励寻求外部救助，维持企业的生存，进而维持自己的控制地位。于是软预算约束就产生了。 第三，本书论述了国有企业软预算约束的表现形式，也就是软预算约束对国有企业产生的影响，从对国有企业产生的各种影响角度来看，软预算约束对国有企业的作用是消极的。软预算约束对国有企业效率的负作用表现在企业的生产经营管理和投入产出各个方面。最重要的是，它改变了企业经营者对未来的预期，引发“道德风险”和“逆向选择”问题，这种救助的预期一旦形成，则直接影响到企业行为。这种影响不仅体现为对企业效率的负作用，还表现在其他一些方面。如对企业融资结构产生的影响，对企业产品供给产生的影响，及对企业自主创新能力产生的影响。无论是哪一方面的影响，都使国有企业存在的问题暴露得更为明显，使国有企业的一些缺点表现得更为突出，软预算约束的存在使国有企业无法显示出其优势且存在很多问题。因此，在国有企业改革中，解决软预算约束问题就成为一项重要的任务。 第四，本书讨论了国有企业软预算约束的治理问题。分别从支持体、预算约束体、市场体系的完善角度进行了讨论。从支持体的角度看，如何作出令人置信的承诺，改变预算约束体对未来救助的预期，是硬化预算约束的关键。既然集中制是导致软预算约束的原因之一，那么进行分散化改革则有助于解决这一问题，如财政分权、信贷分散化等等。从预算约束体的角度看，由于所有制形式并非软预算约束的决定因素，所以硬化预算约束并不意味着一定要改变公有制。只有当满足一定条件时，私有化才能起到硬化预算约束的作用。其实，无论是公有制企业还是私有制企业，只要存在所有权和经营权的分离，就会存在委托代理问题，存在道德风险和逆向选择问题，也会存在软预算约束问题。私有化本身并不可能解决软预算约束问题。同私有化比起来，重组可能是硬化预算约束更好的方式。此外，既然“内部人控制”是造成软预算约束的原因之一，那么，解决内部人控制问题，就起到了硬化预算约束","今年外借册数":0,"编目审核员":"","调配时间":"","索书号A":"F279.241/Z46.2","责任者三":"","责任者二":"","分类":"","编目审核":0,"预约数":0,"编目审核日期":"","封面地址":"","内容介绍":"","责任者四":"","文献类型":0,"图象页数":0,"责任者":"赵莹著","版次":"","下载":0,"种次字符数据":"","分类数据":"","出版者2":"经济科学出版社","MARC类型":"","封面服务器ID":0,"首馆键码":1,"索书号15":"","采编审核日期":"","索书号14":"","索书号13":"","索书号12":"","索书号11":"","责任者2":"赵莹著","索书号10":"","全文地址":"","题名":"中国国有企业软预算约束问题研究","翻译题名":"","处理日期":1487838005000,"分类字母":"","题名缩写":"","丛书名":"","册数":5,"索书号16":"","累计外借册数":3,"调配员":"","修改人员":95,"出版者":"经济科学出版社","创建时间":"","卷标":"","种次":"","下载服务器ID":0,"下载地址":""},"ID":"a4527a83010e82bacc2f1d0886fbd0ec"},{"NUM":2,"bookMap":{"种次F":"","标准编码":"978-7-208-10686-4","可外借数":5,"上月外借册数":0,"去年外借册数":0,"封面":"","采编审核":0,"分类字符数据":"","全文服务器ID":0,"操作员":112,"索书号2":"","种次数据":"","内容介绍1":"","语种":"chi","本月外借册数":0,"排架号":"","库键码":1,"ILAS记录号":0,"出版日期":"2012.07","已外借数":0,"COVERPATH":"http://img3.doubanio.com/view/subject/s/public/s11312657.jpg","题名2":"南非: 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泰列柏兰奇在本书中使用了他擅长的历史和经济学的专业知识,考察了19世纪80年代的全球政治和经济背景,尤其关注1986年——1990年期间非洲的各种状况，于2012年出版了这本新书 首先作者认为转型过程始于1986年。20世纪80年代以来，美国领导的新自由主义全球帝国的出现，使南非经济在过去18年期间在很大程度上一直被美国化，我们应该对于美国帝国和全球资本主义/公司主义的崛起以及可能的衰落有一个清醒的认识。 作者分析了1652年——1994年期间南非的四种政治经济体制，对各种政治经济制度做了一个全面的观察，表明了相对于相当弱势的各个白人殖民地政府，资本主义公司从未间断地一直处于支配地位。 其次，作者将南非自1986年起的转型过程描述为是一场由矿产能源复合体（MEC）导演的大戏。并阐述了非国大在20世纪80年代末期是如何共谋策划了转型过程的序幕以及发生在南部非洲发展银行内部的秘密谈判，从而导致南非经济的美国化。进而对过去18年期间南非宪法民主的缺点和非国大政府的弱点做出评价。 同时，“不自由的黑人劳工”现象，一直是1652年以来南非经济史中永恒的部分，并注定在未来几十年中以一种起决定作用的南非特色继续保持下去。这种力图人为地创造出黑人精英的短视政策，随着黑人失业水平的继续增加，只能是将不自由的黑人劳工现象固化。 作者还讨论了南非的社会问题——贫穷、失业和不公平问题（PUI）——的加剧，这种加剧可以部分地归因于南非经济向全球资本主义/公司主义结构的融入，部分地归因于非国大政府在新自由全球主义和市场原教旨主义以及自由贸易政策的环境下所制定并推行的误导和短视的政策。 第三，对于南非经济在未来18年中即到2030年的发展路径作者进行了预判，试图确定，由国家计划委员会制定的国家发展计划中展现的神话般的乐观主义是否会成为更可能的发展路径，亦或是悲观主义的前景——过去40年所经历的PUI问题的恶化趋势将在下一个18年继续。 最后，作者对从1986年至2012年的转型过程中所犯的许多错误表示痛惜。而人们想知道，非国大能否在下一个18年猛醒并痛改前非。 纵观全书，泰列柏兰奇教授对转型的前景并不乐观。他将转型比喻成“打铁”。在1986年，转型的机遇成熟了，铁烧热了，但打成了错误的形状：“我们成功地消灭了不道德和不人道的种族隔离制度，但是我们没有成功地用一个有道德和人道的制度来取而代之。后种族隔离时期在很多方面和种族隔离时期一样不道德和不人道”。痛惜之余，他向人们发出警告：“什么时候社会-经济和政治状况才会再次坏到如此程度，以至‘整块铁’会热到足以敲打成一个更好的形状呢？没有人知道——这是任何人的疑问。但是，我们不应自我麻醉的认为，那将是十分遥远的事情，而不是发生在即将到来的明天。在现有分配制度下拥有巨大利益的少数致富的实力集团越是顽固不化和短视，下一次‘系统性危机’导致的大规模的整个体制出轨的危险——而不是改良的机会——就会更大” 所以，泰列柏兰奇的呐喊如鲁迅笔下奋不顾身的呐喊者的心声：“至于我的喊声是勇猛或是悲哀，是可憎或是可笑，那倒是不暇顾及的。”","今年外借册数":0,"编目审核员":"","调配时间":"","索书号A":"D740.21/T18","责任者三":"","责任者二":"","分类":"","编目审核":0,"预约数":0,"编目审核日期":"","封面地址":"","内容介绍":"","责任者四":"","文献类型":0,"图象页数":0,"责任者":"(南非) S·泰列伯兰奇著","版次":"","下载":0,"种次字符数据":"","分类数据":"","出版者2":"民主与建设出版社","MARC类型":"","封面服务器ID":0,"首馆键码":1,"索书号15":"","采编审核日期":"","索书号14":"","索书号13":"","索书号12":"","索书号11":"","责任者2":"(南非) 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